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Selasa, 02 Juni 2015

TUGAS SOFTSKILL

RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining relative clauses
We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about someone or something – information that we need in order to understand what or who is being referred to. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes.
We usually use a relative pronoun (e.g. who, that, which, whose andwhom) to introduce a defining relative clause (In the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing being referred to is underlined.):
They’re the people who want to buy our house.
Here are some cells which have been affected.
They should give the money to somebody who they think needs the treatment most.


Non-defining relative clauses
We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. It is not necessary information. We don’t need it to understand who or what is being referred to.
We always use a relative pronoun (who, which, whose or whom) to introduce a non-defining relative clause (In the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing being referred to is underlined.)
Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this year.
Not: Clare, I work with, is doing the London marathon this year.
Doctors use the testing kit for regular screening for lung and stomach cancers, which account for 70% of cancers treated in the western world.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

The most common kind of conditional sentence that you are likely to meet will contain two clauses, one of which will start with the word if, as in If it rains, we'll have to stay at home. The clause without the if is the main clause of the sentence, while the if clause is subordinate. The order of the two clauses is generally not that important to the meaning of the sentence; so we can switch the if clause to the end of the sentence if we want to.
Most grammar books tend to recognise four basic configurations of tenses in conditional sentences which vary in structure according to the time that we are talking about (past, present or future) and the meaning. These four types are normally referred to as the zero, first, second and third conditionals; we will look at the forms and meanings of each of these in turn and also examine some of the alternatives to these four basic types.

1.      Conditional Sentence Type 0 conditional

Conditional type zero is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts or things which always happen under certain conditions.
If + Simple Present, + Simple Present
               

Examples:
-          - If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
-          - Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.
-          - If I wake up early, I go jogging.

2.       Conditional Sentence Type 1

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real or possible situations. These situations take place if a certain condition is met. It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
If + Simple Present, + Simple Future



Example:
-         -  If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.
-          - I may have time to watch the match but I'm not sure about it.

3.       Conditional Sentence Type 2

Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal impossible or improbable situations. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled.
if + Simple Past, + would + base verb

Example:
-         -  If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.

4.       Conditional Sentence Type 3

It is impossible that the condition will be met because it refers to the past.
if + Past Perfect, + would + have + Past Participle
Example:
-         -  If he had been careful, he wouldn't have had that terrible accident.

-          - Sometimes in the past, he was careless. He drove so fast. So he had a terrible accident

TUGAS SOFTSKILL: ARTIKEL

CULTURE OF BATAK TOBA

Toba Batak tribe is part of Batak tribe originating from areas in North Sumatra, especially dwells in North Tapanuli district whose territory includes Ajibata (bordering Parapat), the island of Samosir, Pakkat, and Sarulla. Batak there are six sub-tribes namely Batak Karo Batak, Batak pakpak, Simalungun Batak, Batak Toba, Batak Angkola, and Batak mandailing. This set of people united by a common in terms of language, customs, and as well as the belief that they came from the same ancestors darisatu namely Siraja Batak. Batak society is a society immigrants who inherited the nature of hard-working, honest and brave abstinence menyerah.keinginan to obtain a better life then imparted to the younger generation so as to achieve the desire of a boy or girl must be willing to leave his beloved hometown to migrate to the country people who away. But the longing for hometown still will always be inherent in hatitak wonder today many people Batak be successful spread across the world.
Most of the Toba community today are farmers, cultivators and self-employed. in entrepreneurial business fields managed by the community is a lot of handicrafts such as weaving business Ulos, wood carving and engraving logam.saat is already quite a lot also started venturing into the field of business services. Batak Toba traditional community farming rice paddy fields and also cultivate a way to move. Before reaching the area of ​​food processing technology tano hobo, paddy crops can only produce one crop in a year. This is caused by the cultivation of land were not so good, limited irrigation, and also without the skillful handling of the plants. Likewise with the results of the processing plants in the field, can only harvest one to two times only and then the land can not be used anymore. Then the field will be left behind and move to a new field. Plants are often grown in these fields is sugarcane, herbs, vegetables and cucumber. Similarly, palm trees are deliberately planted in the middle of the field to produce wine, a type of alcoholic beverage which became a favorite with the hobo community.

Senin, 01 Juni 2015

TUGAS SOFTSKILL: ARTIKEL

The Role of Education for Street Children

Education in this modern era is needed by the community , especially for those children who are less capable and street children . Education is useless to them because it is also able to encourage them to get a job and raised their lives become more viable and well established

Education given to street children should have the same level with the standards issued by the local government . So they will not be missed by existing standards of competence . The Government should also provide scholarships for those who are less able so that they can learn as children age. Because many street children were supposed to go to school but they have to earn a fortune to be able to continue his life .


To that education in Indonesia should be improved and should be targeted so that funds spent by governments on target and no misappropriation of funds committed by persons who are not responsible . So that they too can achieve and be proud of Indonesia in the field of education on an international level . And that's all they can do if they are given the chance

TUGAS SOFTSKILL: ARTIKEL

NIGHT

When the sun sets
Moon appeared light
The stars scattered
Adorn beautiful sky
                       
The wind was blowing hard
Saturation sweep heart
Although careful not know
I'm looking forward to this evening

Joke jokes and laughter teen
Accompanied by a guitar that seems to sing
They walked down a beautiful night
Without any burden on the heart

Night ..............................
It's a beautiful night tonight
I will not forget
Forever

TUGAS SOFTSKILL: ARTIKEL

SONG IS MY POEM

BEEN COUNTLESS MY TIME
WAITING FOR ATTENDANCE YOURSELF
IF YOU ARE BROKE HIS
COULD THERE BE CHANCE ME?

11 JANUARY LAST WE MEET
BUT IT NEVER UNITED Intimacy
REALLY STUPID PEOPLE LIKE ME
HOPING TOO MUCH
SOULMATE WILL CERTAINLY MEET

OH, MY GOD ,,,,,,,,,,,,
MAKE ME FORGET
TO LOVE IS NOT KILL ME

BECAUSE I KNOW MORE HAPPY TOMORROW

TUGAS SOFTSKILL: ARTIKEL

My Inspiration: Alex Ferguson Biography

Alexander Chapman Ferguson was born to parents Alexander Sr. and Elizabeth in Glasgow, Scotland, on December 31, 1941. Growing up in the working-class shipbuilding community of Govan, Ferguson was considered a bright boy but showed little interest in schoolwork. He preferred kicking a soccer ball with his younger brother, Martin, and friends through the alleyways between tenement homes, and with some assistance from Alex Sr., a former amateur player, he developed into a promising young talent.

The 32-year-old Ferguson began his managerial career at East Stirlingshire in 1974, making an immediate impact with his fiery, competitive nature. He moved to St. Mirren after a few months, and despite leading the Saints to the Scottish First Division championship in 1977, he was fired a year later for breach of contract.

It was with Aberdeen that Ferguson cemented his reputation as a top-flight manager. Breaking the Celtic-Rangers championship stranglehold, Ferguson led Aberdeen to three Scottish Premier League titles, four Scottish Cups, a League Cup, a Super Cup and a European Cup Winners' Cup over eight seasons.

Ferguson took over as boss of the renowned but underachieving Manchester United club in November 1986. His job was reportedly on the line after a particularly rough stretch early in the 1989-90 season, but the Reds recovered to win the FA Cup that year and a string of successes followed: the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1991, the League Cup in '92 and the elusive Premier League championship in '93.

Ferguson's crowning achievement came in the 1998-'99 season, when he became the first manager of a British side to win the treble: the Premier League championship, the FA Cup and the European Cup. It marked the start of a stretch in which United won three consecutive Premier League titles, and four in five years. In 2003, Ferguson received the Manager of the Decade award, presented by the FA Premier League to mark the first 10 years of the Premiership.

Ferguson again led his side to three straight Premier League titles from 2007-'09, along with European Cup and FIFA Club World Cup victories in 2008, and back-to-back League Cups in 2009-'10. In December 2010, he surpassed the 24-year-plus tenure of Sir Matt Busby to become the longest-serving manager in United's history. Fittingly, he ended the season with another milestone victory that gave United a record 19 Premier League championships.

Ferguson married his wife, Cathy Holding, in 1966. They have three sons: Mark, Darren and Jason. Darren played briefly for his father at Manchester United in the 1990s and later became a soccer manager himself.

A longtime supporter of the Labour Party, Ferguson also serves as a United Kingdom Ambassador for UNICEF. After leading Manchester United to its historic treble in 1999, he was awarded knighthood in the Queen's Birthday Honours List.

Kamis, 23 April 2015

SOFTSKILL; BAHASA INGGRIS 2

Pronoun

In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (Latpronomen) is a pro-form that substitutes for a noun (or noun phrase), such as, in English, the words it(substituting for the name of a certain object) and she (substituting for the female name of a person). The replaced noun is called the antecedent of the pronoun.
For example, consider the sentence “Lisa gave the coat to Phil.” All three nouns in the sentence can be replaced by pronouns: “She gave it to him.” If the coat, Lisa, and Phil have been previously mentioned, the listener can deduce what the pronouns sheit and him refer to and therefore understand the meaning of the sentence; however, if the sentence “She gave it to him.” is the first presentation of the idea, none of the pronouns have antecedents, and each pronoun is therefore ambiguous. Pronouns without antecedents are also called unprecursed pronouns. English grammar allows pronouns to potentially have multiple candidate antecedents. The process of determining which antecedent was intended is known as anaphore resolution.

Types of pronouns

Common types of pronouns found in the world’s languages are as follows:
  • Personal pronounsstand in place of the names of people or things:
    • Subject pronouns are used when the person or thing is the subjectof the sentence or clause. English example: I like to eat chips, butshe does not.
      • Second person formal and informal pronouns (T-V distinction). For example, vous and tu in French. There is no distinction in modern English though Elizabethan English marked the distinction with “thou” (singular informal) and “you” (plural or singular formal).
      • Inclusive and exclusive “we” pronouns indicate whether the audience is included. There is no distinction in English.
      • Intensive pronouns, also known as emphatic pronouns, re-emphasize a noun or pronoun that has already been mentioned. English uses the same forms as the reflexive pronouns; for example: I did it myself (contrast reflexive use,I did it to myself).
    • Object pronouns are used when the person or thing is the object of the sentence or clause. English example: John likes me but not her.
    • Prepositional pronouns come after a preposition. No distinct forms exist in English; for example: Anna and Maria looked at him.
    • Disjunctive pronouns are used in isolation or in certain other special grammatical contexts. No distinct forms exist in English; for example: Who does this belong to? Me.
    • Dummy pronouns are used when grammatical rules require a noun (or pronoun), but none is semantically required. English example: Itis raining.
    • Weak pronouns.
  • Possessive pronouns are used to indicate possessionor ownership.
    • In a strict sense, the possessive pronouns are only those that act syntactically as nouns. English example: Those clothes are mine.
    • Often, though, the term “possessive pronoun” is also applied to the so-called possessive adjectives (or possessive determiners). For example, in English: I lost my wallet. They are not strictly speaking pronouns[citation needed] because they do not substitute for a noun or noun phrase, and as such, some grammarians classify these terms in a separate lexical category called determiners (they have a syntactic role close to that of adjectives, always qualifying a noun).
  • Demonstrative pronouns distinguish the particular objects or people that are referred to from other possible candidates. English example: I’ll takethese.
  • Indefinite pronouns refer to general categories of people or things. English example: Anyone can do that.
    • Distributive pronouns are used to refer to members of a group separately rather than collectively. English example: To each his own.
    • Negative pronouns indicate the non-existence of people or things. English example: Nobody thinks that.
  • Relative pronouns refer back to people or things previously mentioned. English example: People who smoke should quit now.
    • Indefinite relative pronouns have some of the properties of both relative pronouns and indefinite pronouns. They have a sense of “referring back”, but the person or thing to which they refer has not previously been explicitly named. English example: I know what I like.
  • Interrogative pronouns ask which person or thing is meant. English example: Who did that?
    • In many languages (e.g., CzechEnglishFrenchInterlingua, andRussian), the sets of relative and interrogative pronouns are nearly identical. Compare English: Who is that? (interrogative) to I knowwho that is. (relative)
Examples
(1). This is black. (2). That is heavy. (3). Can you see these?
2. There are 3 types of question ! what are they ?
Give the exemples for these 3 types !
There are three basic question types:
  1. Yes/No: the answer is “yes or no”
  2. Question-word: the answer is “information”
  3. Choice: the answer is “in the question”
  1. Yes/No questions
Sometimes the only answer that we need is yes or no. Look at these examples:
auxiliary verbsubjectnotmain verbanswer:
yes or no
Doyouwantdinner?Yes, I do.
Canyoudrive?No, I can’t.
Hasshenotfinishedher work?Yes, she has.
Didtheygohome?No, they didn’t.
  1. Question-word questions
Sometimes we want more than yes or no for an answer. When asking for information, we usually place a question-word at the beginning of the sentence. The question-word indicates the information that we want, for example: where (place), when (time), why (reason), who (person). Look at these examples:
question wordauxiliary verbnotsubjectmain verbanswer:
information
Wheredoyoulive?In Paris.
Whenwillwehavelunch?At 1pm.
Whyhasn’tTaradoneit?Because she can’t.
Who(m)didshemeet?She met Ram.
Who*hasrunout?Ati has run out.
Who**ranout?Ati ran out.
  1. Choice questions
Sometimes we give our listener a choice. We ask them to choose between two possible answers. So their answer is (usually) already in the question. Look at these examples:
auxiliary verbsubjectmain verboranswer:
in question
Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Coffee, please.
WillwemeetJohnorJames?John.
Sumber ;
- https://opickipo.wordpress.com/
- https://1isd.wordpress.com/2012/04/29/tugas-softskill-bahasa-inggris-bisnis-2-pronouns-2/